GRAMMER SECTION 6

                                   

                                             TENSE

Present indefinite Tense

Structure:  Sub + Verb Present from + object +Ext.

GLv‡b Subject third person, singular Number n‡j  Verb Gi †k‡l ‘s’ ev ‘es’  †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡h mKj Gi †k‡l ss, sh, ch, x, o, z BZ¨vw` _v‡K Zv‡`i mv‡_ es Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj †¶‡Î ïay s hy³ nq|

   Example:- He watches TV in every evening.             He establishes a school every year.
                     He mixes with bad boys.                            He reads a book.

j¶¨Yxq e¨vcvi: †Kvb ev‡K¨ hw` always, Often, occasionally, sometimes, usually, on [any day] Twice Gic‡i mgqevPK kã (†hgb -twice a year), Every Gic‡i mgqevPK kã (†hgb- Everyday, Every month, every year), Generally, normally, regularly, in Gic‡i †Kvb FZy (‡hgb- in winter, in summer) _vK‡j Present indefinite tense n‡e|

   Example:-  He always goes to School.

   Example:-  I go to mosque on Friday.

   Example:-  He often goes to Casino.

	Shaheen ­­­­­_____ tennis once or twice a week						[ B-unit 97-98 D.U]
	(a)	is playing usually	(b)	is usually playing	(c)	usually plays		(d)	plays usually,

    Universal truth ‡evSv‡Z: The sun rises in the east.

    Habitual fact ‡evSv‡Z:  He goes to bed ten o’ clock everyday.

    wbKU fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR †evSv‡Z: He goes home tomorrow.

 Present continuous tense

Structure: Sub + am/is/are + (V₁ + ing ) + object + Ext.

GLv‡b Number I  Person Abyhvqx am/ is/are e¨eüZ n‡e| 

 j¶¨Yxq e¨vcvi: Now, right now, at present, in this moment, in the very moment, this very time  G¸‡jv _vK‡j Present continuous tense n‡e|

  Example:- Rana is studying now.

j¶¨Yxq e¨vcvi: See, feel, Like, wish, Know, Hear, think, understand, Believe, Belong, consist, Notice, want, Desire, recognize, smell, love, hate, Like, Dislike, forgive, hope, remember, need, realies, mind GB verb ¸‡jvi present A_ev past Continuous tense n‡e bv|

  Example:- I believe you.

 Present Perfect Tense

Structure: Sub + have/has + V₃ + object + Ext.

GLv‡b Number I Person Abyhvqx have/has n‡e|

Example:- The singer has sung a nice song.

j¶¨Yxq e¨vcvi: Kvb Sentence G just, just now, already, yet, never, ever, lately,  recently BZ¨vw` adverb Ges so far, up to now, up to the present BZ¨vw`  adverbial phrase _vK‡j present perfect tense nq|

Example:- I have seen him recently

Use of Already

Structure : Sub + have/has + already + v₃ + object + Ext.

n¨uv †evaK Sentence G already n‡e|

 Example:- He has already written the letter.

Use of yet

Structure:  Sub + have not/has not + v₃ + object + yet.

bv †evaK Sentence G yet n‡e|

Example:- We have not written our assignment yet.

 Use of For

 For + Duration of time (For five hours, for thirty years, for ten minutes)

Example:- He has been ill for two hours.

 Use of Since

Since + beginning time (Since 1975, Since five o’ clock, Since Friday)

Example:- He has been lived in the same house since 1975

.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Structure: Sub + has/have been + (V1 + ing ) + object + Ext.

Number I Person Abyhvqx has /have been n‡e|

Example:- He has been reading the book since monning