Grammer section 8

Past Indefinite Tense

Structure: Sub + V₂ + object + Ext.

GB Tense G Auxiliary Verb wnmv‡e Interrogative Negative ev‡K¨ did e¨eüZ nq Ges hLb Did e‡m ZLb verb -Gi Present form em‡e|

Example:- I met him Friday.

Example:- Did I meet him Friday?

Example:- I didn’t meet him yesterday.

j¶¨Yxq e¨vcvi: †Kvb ev‡K¨ hw` yesterday, the previous day, last Gic‡i †h †Kvb mgq evPK kã (Last night, last year). ago, long ago, long since,  the day before yesterday _vK‡j Past indefinite Tense n‡e|

Example:- He left home last night.

 Past continues Tense

Structure: Sub + was/were + (v₁ + ing) + object + Ext.

Number I Person Abyhvqx was/were n‡e|

Example:- The boys were playing
AZxZKv‡j †Kvb GKwU KvR PjvKv‡j Ab¨ GKwU KvR msNwUZ n‡j, †h KvRwU PjwQj †mwU eySv‡Z past continuous e¨eüZ nq Ges †h KvRwU m¤úbœ nj Zv eySv‡Z Past indefinite tense nq|| A_v©r

Past continuous tense + when+ past indefinite tense. 
Example:- He was washing his car when I arrived.         

                         A_ev, 
When + past continuous tense, past indefinite tense
Example:- When they were killing the snake, I was afraid.     

                         A_ev,
Past indefinite tense +when+ past continuous tense   
Example:- Neela burnt her hand when she was cooking dinner. 

                          A_ev,
Past indefinite tense +while +past continuous tense 
Example:- My uncle arrived while I was cooking the dinner.

                        A_ev,
When + past indefinite tense, past continuous tense     

Example:- When I saw the gardener, he was cutting down a tree.

 

 Past Perfect Tense

Structure: Sub + had+ V₃+ object +Ext.

Example:- Rakib had seen the movie.
No sooner had.......than, Scarcely had.........when, Hardly had........when/before Øviv hy³ `ywU sentence-          Gi
cÖ_gwU Past Perfect tense  Ges c‡iiwU past Indefinite tense n‡e|

Example:  No sooner had I entered the room than all students stood up.

                 Scarcely had he gone to the station when the train started.

                 Hardly had she opened the door when/before the thief went out.
 when Gi c‡i past perfect tense n‡j cieZx© AskUzKz past Indefinite tense n‡e|

            Example: when tom had eaten rice, they shouted bell ring.

 

 Use of Before

Past perfect Tense + before + Past Indefinite Tense

A_©vr BeforeGi Av‡M Ask n‡e Past perfect Tense Ges c‡ii Ask n‡e Past indefinite Tense.

Example:- I had reached he college before the examination began.

Note :       Before Gi c‡i past indefinite _vK‡j before Gi c~‡e© G Past perfect bv _vK‡j Past perfect continuous n‡e|               Past perfect continuous + before+ past indefinite
Example:- Rahim had been looking for a new room mate before he finally succeeded.

 

Use of After

 Past indefinite Tense +  After + Past Perfect Tense

A_©vr After Gi Av‡Mi Ask Past indefinite Tense n‡e Ges After Ges c‡ii Ask n‡e Past perfect Tense A_v©r After Gi e¨envi Avi wKQyB bq ïaygvÎ beforeGi Dë|

Example:- The paticnt died after the doctor had come.

Note:   After Gi c~‡e© past indefinite _vK‡j After Gi c‡i Past perfect bv _vK‡j Past perfect continuous n‡e|                       past indefinite + after + Past perfect continuous
Example:- The rain started after we had been playing for about an hour.

 Future Indefinite Tense

 Structure: Sub + Shall/will +V₁ + Object + Ext.

Example:- She will go to Dhaka tomorrow

j¶¨Yxq e¨vcvi: Tomorrow, The day after tomorrow, the next time/week/month/year/century, coming/day/week/month/year/century/ _vK‡j Future indefinite Tense n‡e|

Example:- we will play the piano in next week.

Note:  hw` `ywU fwel¨r Kv‡ji KvR when Øviv hy³ nq, Zvn‡j When Gi c‡i present Indefinite tense cieZx© AskwU Future Indefinite n‡e|  

Example:- When I get money, I will buy a dictionary.      

Example:-  I shall meet my friend when he comes.

 Future perfect tense

 Structure: Sub + will have/shall have +V₃ + Ext.

j¶¨Yxq e¨vcvi:

 (1) fwel¨‡Z †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †Kvb wbw`©ó KvR †kl n‡q _vK‡e Gi“c eySv‡j Future       perfect tense n‡e|

 (2) By Gi c‡i mgq D‡j­L _vK‡j Future perfect tense n‡e|         

Example:- By 2021, I will have worked for this firm 10 years.